Essay about Hawthorne Studies - 1529 Words

This essay will review the writings of â€Å"Hawthorne, the myth of the docile worker, and class bias in psychology† an article by D. Bramel and R. Friend. It will then go on to further critique academic articles that both support and disagree with the primary source and demonstrate how the Hawthorne studies have influenced contemporary organizations. The Hawthorne experimental studies conducted at the Western Electric Company Works has attracted considerable amounts of sharp critical scrutiny; it has practically â€Å"become an intellectual battle† (Miner, J. 2006. p.68) as it has been interpreted in various ways. The studies basically concluded that social and psychological factors are responsible for workers productivity and job satisfaction.†¦show more content†¦2006. p.68.) A. Brannigan and W. Zwerman’s (2001) article â€Å"the Real Hawthorne Effect† completely disagrees with the arguments that were presented by Bramel and Friend. Their article in contrast strongly supports the Hawthorne studies and emphasizes just how valuable they. Brannigan and Zwerman actually view the studies as being â€Å"the single most important investigation of the human dimensions of industrial relations in the early 20th century† (Brannigan, A. Zwerman, W. 2001.p.55). They recognize the fact that the Hawthorne studies have received harsh critical disapproval over the decades due to potential flaws in the research and experiments conducted. However Brannigan and Zwerman are able to look past that and purely see the innovative ideas that grew around these studies. They express that â€Å"the main idea should not be undermined by these shortcomings† and that sometimes the actual idea itself is more meaningful then the evidence on which it is based. ( p. 59). B. Reiger’s article â€Å"Lessons in Productivity and People† also disagrees with the negative statements that are directed towards the Hawthorne studies. Reiger’s article aims to show how the studies executed had an enormous influence in the way managers and supervisors now interact with their employees. Which in result has positively affected worker productivity, Due to implementing a less mechanical view and paying more attention to the human influences within the workplace. Not onlyShow MoreRelatedHawthorne Studies1495 Words   |  6 Pages1924, Hawthorne Studies was first initiated by the Western Electrical Company and National Academy of Science to study on the relation of quality and quantity of illumination to efficiency in industry which is known as Illumination studies.(Roethlisberger amp; Dickson, 2003, pg 14). From 1927-1933, a series of experiments were conducted once again at Western Electric Work and analyzed by Professor George Elton Mayo who is famous for Hawthorne Effects after the failure for the first studies. TheseRead MoreThe Hawthorne Studies1976 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Hawthorne Studies began in 1924 until 1932 at the Western Electric, Hawthorne plant in Cicero, Illinois, by Professor Elton Mayo. Initially, this study was originated to identify the conditions of which would improve the working conditions for higher productivity. However, as time progressed, it evolved and was used by managements across as a guide to restructuring their respective companies. With Professor Elton Mayo from the Harvard Business School began a study of how the workersRead MoreThe Hawthorne Studies On The Development Of Management1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hawthorne Studies were conducted by Elton Mayo with help from his research assistant Fritz Roethlisberger in the mid-1920s along with the works at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago, Illinois. These studies were influenced by the principles of scientific management which were introduced by Frederick Taylor in 1911. The studies were to research weather people worked more efficiently when they were working as a group, being treated as special (such as working in a separateRead MoreEvaluate the Contribution of the Hawthorne Studies to the Development of Management Theory and Practice2439 Words   |  10 PagesThis paper is an overview of four important areas of management theory: Frederick Taylor s Scientific Management, Elton Mayo s Hawthorne Works experiments and the human r elations movement, Max Weber s idealized bureaucracy, and Henri Fayol s views on administration. It will provide a general description of each of these management theories together with observations on the environment in which these theories were applied and the successes that they achieved. Frederick Taylor - Scientific Management Read MoreHawthorne Studies804 Words   |  4 PagesPrentice Hall Carey A. (1967) The Hawthorne Studies: A Radical Criticism, American Sociological Review, Vol.32, No.3, Jun. 1967, p.403-416. Clark D (1999) â€Å"Hawthorne Effect† Retrieved November 20, 2007, Retrieved from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/history/hawthorne.html Coutts B, (2003) â€Å"The Hawthorne Experiments† Retrived November 25, 2007, Retrived from http://www.hawthorne-academy.org/publication6.html Draper S.W (2006) â€Å"The Hawthorne, Pygmalion, Placebo and other effects ofRead MoreA Study of a Character: Hester Prynne in The Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne909 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieves in when she was in the worst emotional state is truly inspiring. Although she could feel the shame of those around her in town because of the scarlet A on her breast, she refused to let herself be brought down by them, and at one point Hawthorne describes her as not letting her hand cover the symbol. She grew to understand her fate and continues to make the best of it, doing all that she could to be normal in a society where she is seen as an outcast. The way I feel about Hester is quiteRead MoreThe Hawthorne Studies2022 Words   |  9 PagesThe Hawthorne studies 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Mayoists brought a fundamental new paradigm. The scientific management movement led the industrial revolution to change our way of life, our perception of work and our understanding for what an organization is. This paradigm shifted to the Human relations movement (led by the so called Mayoists) as a result of the Hawthorne studies, which took into consideration the physical, social and psychological needs of employees unlike the previous paradigm.Read MoreThe Implication of Hawthorne Study in 21st Century4408 Words   |  18 PagesAssignment The Implication of Hawthorne Study in 21st Century Ashab Anis Joy ID: 2012-1-10-255 Class: MGT Course Code: 101 Sec: 7 Semester: Fall East West University Bachelor of Business Administration East West University 20th November 2012 Introduction The Hawthorne Experiments were conducted between 1927 and 1932 at the works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago. Basically the aim of these experiments was to † attempt to reduce worker dissatisfaction and resist trade unionRead MoreEvaluate the Contribution of the Hawthorne Studies to the Development of Management Theory and Practice.1720 Words   |  7 PagesHawthorne Studies have been subjected to many criticisms. Yet, the evolvement of many of the management theories today would not have come about without the experiments done by Elton Mayo. This essay will cover the various aspects of management that has been refined through the findings of the tests conducted and how improvements were made to aid in the development of organisational behaviour. It will also discuss the various studies and will show how these theories implement Hawthorne studies asRead MoreAnalysis Of The Experiment Management And The Worker 1485 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiment report â€Å"manag ement and the worker† in 1939(Gillespie, 1991) the Hawthorne studies have been playing an important role in management, psychology and sociology. Hawthorne studies were the foundation for the modern day management thinking. Hawthorne studies have been subject to many criticisms but it produced the fundamental changes in the development of management thoughts. The great contribution Hawthorne studies made to the development of modern management these experiments are identified

Examples Of Position Of Officer - 967 Words

I am pleased to submit my application for the position of Officer. It is exciting to consider a position with the global leader in consulting and technology services. In this letter, I provide some background about my education and credentials relevant to this position. I believe I have the required qualifications for this position. I earned my MD from Kabul Medical University specializing in Family Medicine. I then earned an Executive MBA in Health Management and Administration from Preston University Pakistan. Subsequently, I earned my Dual MPH degree in Epidemiology and Global Health, and my PhD in Epidemiology at the University of South Florida, College of Public Health. Here, I would like to briefly address the critical†¦show more content†¦As a member of the program development team, we secured several million USD in funding from World Bank and European Commission (EC) to offer primary healthcare services in three provinces including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) prevention. I am a subject matter expert in a number of public health areas, including STIs (HIV, HPV and other STIs), and have working experience in global health security and humanitarian aid. During my work at SCA, I led an evaluation to examine the effectiveness of HIV awareness campaign and HIV Voluntary Counseling and Treatment (VCT) program. Together with the HIV Department, we also piloted a number of community-based HIV prevention interventions, such as training of local barbers, and needle-exchange program. We implemented our projects in close coordination with UNAIDS and UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). During my work with the SCA and the UN, I led the design and implementation of a number of projects that were focused on improving access to development aid, community participation, and the assessment of cultural and religious barriers in accessing healthcare services for women and children. Furthermore, during my PhD, I worked with the Center for Infection Research on Cancer (CI RC) at Moffitt Cancer Center in the United States to study the role of STIs in the development of cancer,Show MoreRelated2000 Word Essay on Being a Team Leader1073 Words   |  5 PagesNon Commissioned officers are a vital part of the United States Army which is why they are often referred to as the â€Å"back bone of the Army†. Non Commissioned officers play several key roles in the army, everywhere from the lowest Sergeant or Corporal as a team leader to the First Sergeant working as advisory and counter part to a Captain in charge of a Company, to a Command Sergeant Major, responsible for anything fro a battalion to an entire post. Regardless of which position a non commissionedRead MoreFire Service Personnel Management Officer879 Words   |  4 Pages FIRE SERVICE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT OFFICER JOB ANALYSIS BY COREY SCOTT CLASS SPECIFICATION Firefighter Personnel Management Officer DEFINITION OF CLASS A personal manager officer is a supervisor and managerial position within the fire department. Under general direction it is their job to lead, plan, organize, and direct the personnel management program of the fire department. The position’s main focus should be on staffing, retention, development, adjustment, and managing change. Read MoreA Brief Note On Pollock s Ethical Dilemma And Decisions945 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsibility. The great power part has not been as considerable of a problem as the great responsibility has because as police officers start off at the academy, they quickly recognize the authority they will shortly have. The past and known data has revealed to us that a lot of these officers do demonstrate great control and responsibility, but there is a fraction of officers who are corrupt in many sorts of ways that have conveyed inspection and absence of faith in law enforcement all over AmericaRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1055 Words   |  5 Pag esmany of the scenes in the movie reside in the grey area. It shows that human dilemmas are far more complicated then originally anticipated. For example, the movie shows victims at times, can be the perpetrator and vice versa. Moreover, the movie really challenges any preconceived notations that we may have about a fringe minority. For instance, officer Tom Hansen was eulogized by many viewers when he stood up for Camron. But, at the end of the movie he killed an African American man. Does that makeRead MoreChief Mckinley And Field Training Officers922 Words   |  4 PagesI asked Chief McKinley what positions he felt were the most influential in the department. Chief McKinley believes that Sergeants and Field Training Officers (FTO) are the two most important roles in the department. Both positions are leadership positions and set the culture for the department. Sergeants work closing with patrol and have an influence over them, whether they want to admit it or not. Sergeants mu st be aware that officers look to them for guidance and mimic their attitude. This is whyRead MoreThe Values Of A Police Officer937 Words   |  4 Pagesare the values do you think police officer should have? Asking a potential police officer about their mindset on what an officer’s values are vital. This particular question seeks the motivation on why a person would want to be a police officer. They should understand that they have a responsibility to serve the public and to work towards the mission and goals of the police department they are serving. There are expectations from the public that police officers follow and abide by these values. Read Morerespect in the army Essays812 Words   |  4 PagesNoncommissioned officers have three types of duties: specified duties, directed duties and implied duties: specified duties, direct duties and implied duties. Specified duties are related to jobs and positions. such as Army regulations, Department of the Army general orders, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, soldiers manuals, Army Training and Evaluation Program Publications and MOS job descriptions specify the duties. Direct duties are not specified as part of a job position or MOS or otherRead MoreCareer Duties : Chief Executive Officer1194 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is one of the most coveted and least understood jobs in a business. Many people believe that a Chief Executive Officer can do whatever he or she wants to, that they have all the power, and are capable of anything. This, however, cannot be any farther from the truth. The goals and the very nature of a CEO means to meet the needs of the employees, the investors, customers, communities, and the law. Life for a CEO can be sometimes delegated. The path to becomingRead MoreHsa 405 Week 6 Assignment 3 Strayer Latest895 Words   |  4 PagesLATEST HSA 405 Week 6 Assignment 3 - Healthcare Quality - Strayer Latest Assume that you are a quality officer who is responsible for one (1) of the state’s largest healthcare organizations. You have been told that the quality of patient care has decreased, and you have been assigned a project that is geared toward increasing quality of care for the patients. Your Chief Executive Officer has requested a six to eight page (6-8) summary of your recommended initiatives. Note: You may create andRead MoreHow Does Power Affect Moral Courage? Essay692 Words   |  3 Pagesone’s fear, and claim for something that is wrong. A military leader exerts his power influencing with his positon power (in case of military the rank) and/or personal power (how does one person is seen in the organization). The leader, who has a position power, and doesn’t claim for something that is wrong or exerts moral courage, take the risk of loosing personal power and credibility within his organization. If the senior leader exerts moral courage within an cohesive organization he will probably

Stereotype Threat Theory And Its Effect On Society Essay

Is it possible that the way society sees a group can influence how that group performs on tests of intelligence? According to the Stereotype Threat Theory, it can. Stereotype Threat Theory â€Å"refers to the conscious or unconscious belief that one belongs to a group stereotypically known for specific performance deficits. The hypothesis is that these beliefs lead to suboptimal performance on tasks specific to the stereotype† (Stoet 94). Stereotype threat leads to a large gap between privileged, un-stereotyped groups and affected groups in society with regards to jobs, education, and social interactions. This gap comes from stereotyped groups feeling they need to act in the way society tells them to, creating societal â€Å"chains† on these groups, essentially an unstated law telling them what they can and cannot do. This is because stereotype threat causes groups to identify with what society provides their status to be Experiments show commonly stereotyped groups per form worse on intellectual tests they are told their group generally does bad on. Therefore, commonly stereotyped groups suffer from the stereotype threat on intellectual tests. The planting of an idea in someone’s mind can lead to that idea blooming into reality. When someone is susceptible to being influenced by society’s standards, it shows in how they handle everyday activities. Davis hypothesized that if African American students were â€Å"race primed†, meaning they were told African Americans do not do well a certainShow MoreRelatedTalcott Parson s Theory Of Pattern Variables1490 Words   |  6 Pages Individuals often utilize stereotypes as an easy mechanism to organize and understand different people. Many of these stereotypes are unfortunately negative and are degrading toward a group of people. Further, stereotypes not only overgeneralize this, but can improperly evaluate the group based on ascribed traits (i.e. race, gender, age) and the impact it has on other areas of life, such as academics or work ethic. For example, African Americans are frequently stereotyped as having a lower IQ, performingRead MoreExploring the Format ion of â€Å"Perspective Fixedness† Through Established Theories1100 Words   |  5 PagesFixedness† Through Established Theories The ability to take different and varying perspectives in any given situation is a strength and often seen as an indicator of intelligence or at least, competence. This fluidity of perspective is a prominent part of many entrance tests for gifted children in schools (McGlonn-Nelson, 2005). In everyday cultural interactions, however, the quality does not seem to be endorsed or encouraged and in looking at the System Justification Theory, one can see why. StandardizedRead MoreGender and Negotiation 1073 Words   |  4 Pagesthe real world, men fare better in negotiations, such as in divorce settlements and salary negotiations than women. In the former women receive inferior settlements and in the later men receive higher raises. Why does this phenomenon exist? In a society, where gender roles are socialized into two district categories; male and female with distinctive characteristics assigned to each role; males assertive, confident, self-promoting, and demanding and females emotio nal, instinctive, cooperative andRead MoreAnalysis Of Claude Steele s Influence On Academic Performance1216 Words   |  5 PagesClaude Steele is a social psychologist whose lecture focused on stereotype threat. He described stereotype treat as an attempt to understand the underperformance phenomena. Stereotype threat involves social identities and the science of diverse communities; for example, a college campus. Every group or identity has some type of negative stereotype, he explained. Steele wanted to test if this threat is powerful enough to effect academic performance. His first study took place at the University ofRead MoreGenerally, United States Citizens Subscribe To The Idea1032 Words   |  5 PagesPrejudice unquestionably exists in American society today, and I submit that it continues as evidenced by authoritarian personalities and normative behavior. The video, â€Å"Single Story†, depicts the existence of prejudice by means of a true story. The United States is comprised of a plethora of races, social classes, and ethnicities. I postulate that as a country, we consciously attempt to ameliorate negative effects of the environment, and assist society to feel equal in a variety of ways. PrejudiceRead MoreGrouping People Based on Stereotypes1322 Words   |  5 PagesEvans once said, â€Å"Attempting to get at truth means rejecting stereotypes and clichà ©s†. Yet at some points stereotypes help us to gain a truth that would otherwise have to be learnt over and over again, each time we encountered it. When trying to view the world, one must realise that by grouping people based on stereotypes, they are allowing themselves to recognise different peoples, threats, ideas and many other different aspects of society. Whether this grouping has any real basis or not is the entireRead MorePrejudice And Stereotyping : A Social Psychological Perspective1160 Words   |  5 Pageseveryday inferences affect the way we think, use, and interpret i nformation which guide us to behaviors and beliefs. We use prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination all too often and it allows us to make sense of the world around us. This paper will discuss the aspects of prejudice and how we interpret prejudice in social psychology as well as stereotyping and its effects in the media. These concepts are important to social psychology because they explain an aspect of human behavior that we engage inRead MoreStudent Achievement Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagescut in half, and the gap separating Latinos and whites declined by one-third. That progress came to a halt around 1988, however, and since that time, the gaps have widened (6). As a result, people are doing studies and have come up with several theories that exist on how to address the achievement gap. These ideas have been categorized below to establish the issue to show causes for failure to achieve, to describe the consequences for students who are not achieving, and to suggest possib le solutionsRead MoreUp From The Parched Earth : Toward A Theory Of African American Achievement931 Words   |  4 Pagesit provides readers with viewpoints from the eyes of the students who make up the category of â€Å"low achieving Black students† as well as those who fully support these students. In Theresa Perry’s section titled â€Å"Up From the Parched Earth: Toward a Theory of African-American Achievement†, Perry attempts to understand the problem of low achievement of African-American students from the perspective of the students themselves. To do this, Perry poses a series of potential questions that these studentsRead MoreThe Psychology of Mean Girls 1339 Words   |  5 PagesThe Psychology of Mean Girls Mean Girls, ironically my favorite movie, in my opinion clearly and comically depicts the misconceptions and stereotypes that are perceived by society of early adolescents. Stanley Hall characterized adolescence as a time of â€Å"storm and stress† and this negative image has stuck with society. As we’ve learned and discussed in class, Sigmund Freud took the concept of storm and stress a step further and developed his stages of psychosocial development but saw adolescence

The Federal Budget Process Essay - 2864 Words

Running head: The Federal Budget Process The Federal Budget Process Abstract This report focuses on the federal budget process of the United States of America. The annual federal budget begins with a detailed proposal from the President in February. The budget request is developed by the President’s Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Next, Congress creates a blueprint called a budget resolution that sets limits on how much each committee can spend (or reduce revenues) over the course of the year. The terms of the budget resolution are then enforced against individual appropriations, entitlement bills, and tax bills on the House and Senate floors. In addition, Congress sometimes uses a special procedure called†¦show more content†¦Second, the president uses the budget request to lay out his relative priorities for federal programs (Myers, et al, 1989; Policy Basics, 2011). â€Å"The President’s budget is very specific, and recommends funding levels for individual federal programs or small groups of programs called â€Å"budget a ccounts.† The budget typically sketches out fiscal policy and budget priorities not only for the year but for the next five years or more. It is also accompanied by historical tables that set our past budget figures† (Policy Basics, 2011 Para 4). The third role that the President’s budget plays is that it can be used to alert Congress of what spending and tax policy changes the President recommends. It is not necessary for the President to propose legislative changes for those parts of the budget that are governed by permanent law if he feels none are needed (Policy Basics, 2011). Majority of the federal tax code is set in permanent law, and will not expire. Similarly, more than one-half of federal spending – including the three largest entitlement programs (Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security) – is also permanently enacted. Interest paid on the national debt is also paid automatically, with no need for specific legislation. (There is, however, aShow MoreRelatedBalancing The Federal Budget Process2282 Words   |  10 PagesProject Joint Paper: Balancing the Federal Budget Luis A. Santiago-Gaetan, Abby Baumann, and Erin Kirchner University of Massachusetts-Amherst Introduction This is Red Team’s joint paper on balancing the budget of the government of the United States of America. Red Team’s (from here on we/our) position regarding balancing the budget and reducing the federal deficit varies slightly. In many ways some team members believe that the federal budget is much like any other budget, with a set amount of moneyRead MoreBalancing The Federal Budget Process2278 Words   |  10 PagesBalancing the Federal Budget Luis A. Santiago-Gaetan, Abby Baumann, and Erin Kirchner University of Massachusetts-Amherst Introduction This is Red Team’s joint paper on balancing the budget of the government of the United States of America. Red Team’s (from here on we/our) position regarding balancing the budget and reducing the federal deficit varies slightly. In many ways some team members believe that the federal budget is much like any other budget, with a set amount of money coming in, a setRead MoreThe Evolution of the Federal Budget Process989 Words   |  4 PagesFederal spending is necessary for the economy and is essential to the accomplishment of national goals and advancement. This is why a budget is needed, however, there is no actual process mentioned in the Constitution that explains how Congress should do this. The Constitution states: No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to timeRead MoreThe Federal Government Budget Process1761 Words   |  8 Pagesto the budget and how they decide what to spend things on. Some people just tend to look at a country and see a huge amount of debt and just assume that the country isn’t doing well. When people look at the United States of America they see a country that is a world power. People see a country that overcame many conflicts and is still trying to develop further, as much as possible. A country that has a lot of opportunities. But those opportunities would be in place if there wasn’t a process for theRead MoreFiscal Year 2012 Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2011, the House of Representatives clashed with President Barack Obama over the federal budget for Fiscal Year 2012. While Obama opted for a budget that reduced deficits through careful spending cuts and increased tax revenue, House Republicans Eric Cantor and Paul Ryan, along with eighty-seven new House Republicans, hoped to pass a budget that was more fiscally conservative. Ryan’s budget plan, The Path to Prosperity, cut $6 trillion in spending by repealing Obamacare and aided the wealthy byRead MoreFederal Governments Difficulty in Adopting a Budget711 Words   |  3 PagesOver the past few years the federal government has experienced considerable difficulty in adopting a budget. Instead of agreeing to a budget that allows for the orderly operation of the governments various agencies and determines the nations annual spending and revenue priorities, legislative and executive branches have been embroiled in acrimonious debate that has largely broken down along political lines. The presence budgetary process was originally created in 1974 (Keith, 1997) and there haveRead MoreEssay On The Federal Budget856 Words   |  4 Pagesconcern than the federal budget. As tax payers, the American people always wishes to know where their tax dollars are going. The problem is that very few people actually know who sets the federal budget, and how much power this branch of government really has. The governmental branch that controls the federal budget is the legislative branch, also known as Congress. An instance when Congress really stretched its muscles in terms of the federal budget was the Congressional Budget and Impoundment ControlRead MoreMany People Create A Budget That Allows Them To Follow1275 Words   |  6 PagesMany people create a budget that allows them to follow the guidelines of things that need funding or to be paid. It does not matter whether it is a bill or a company, the budget allots the money for a documented need. Per U.S. Department of Education (2011), a budget sets forth priorities and levels of spending, ways of financing the spending, and a plan for managing the funds. Special education directors must be able to explain this process to fulfill the necessity of the budget within the schoolsRead MoreThe Government And The Federal Government867 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Government is the body of government that implements and administers pu blic policy. The Federal Government Government execute all political powers. Moreover, the Federal Government according to, (Benz, 2003) is defined as â€Å"a system that divides up powers between a strong National Government and smaller local government.† In addition, (Benz, 2003) also states that the Federal Government are best used in large countries where there exists a diverse group of people with diverse needs butRead MoreThe National Government Of A Country Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Government of a country consists of various characteristics, procedures, positions, and beliefs, that create a great comparison to such traits of a complex business. Whether it s developing a nation s annual budget, analyzing deficits or surpluses, accumulating government liabilities, or outsourcing to investors, the governments of all dominate nations have and will continue to run like any other successful business. In the case of a country, the economic, societal, fore ign, military

Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana Free Essays

Pros and Cons Of Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a very common street and recreational drug that comes from the marijuana plant. The plant that produces marijuana, as is well known, is the hemp plant cannabis sativa. The pharmacologically active ingredient in marijuana is tetra-hydro-cannabinol. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marijuana is used to heighten perception, affect mood and relax. It is estimated that about thirty percent of adults in the U. S. use marijuana. Many people think marijuana is harmless. It is not. Signs of marijuana use include red eyes, lethargy and uncoordinated body movements. The long-term effects may include decrease in motivation and harmful effects on the brain, heart, lung and reproductive system. People who smoke marijuana are more likely to develop cancer of the head and neck. The more often a person smokes marijuana and the longer they continue to smoke it, the greater is their chance of developing cancer in places such as the mouth, tongue, larynx or pharynx. A number of movements to legalize the use of marijuana have been gaining steam lately. There are places in California where it’s already legal for medicinal purposes. Much of the American public now believes that the drug should be legalized but others are still concerned about health damage and other adverse affects. The argument whether to legalize the drug marijuana has Been going on for years. Many different pros and cons come with the drug marijuana. Legalizing marijuana is an important legal battle for several reasons. First, decriminalizing marijuana would make it readily available to individuals that need it, in safe and healthy way. Cancer patients, AIDS sufferers and many other patients must now obtain marijuana illegally in most states. The objections of the federal government to legalizing marijuana have almost nothing to do with how much harm it may or may not cause–it is a matter of pharmaceutical companies resisting legalization because it will be difficult for them to profit from the legal use of marijuana. Some of the chemical components that make up marijuana have been isolated and made into pill form through government-sponsored research, which directly contradicts the current legal view of marijuana. In fact, the former Surgeon General of the United States Jocelyn Elders asserted that overwhelming evidence exists that marijuana can relieve certain symptoms of ain, nausea and vomiting. (balanced politics. com). There are many pros for legalizing marijuana. Legalizing marijuana has many positive aspects, including increased tax revenue through the legal sale of marijuana. There is also the matter of the medical benefits of marijuana to those with illnesses that limit range of motion or induce nausea an d pain. (marijuana today. com). One of the most common arguments for legalizing marijuana is for medical benefits. Particularly health benefits for people who suffer from illnesses such as depression, cancer, glaucoma and even AIDS. Marijuana has been proven helpful for inducing appetite and combating nausea. Furthermore, marijuana has also proven beneficial for increasing the range of motion for those suffering from multiple sclerosis. As an illegal substance, many who suffer from debilitating illnesses would be arrested or imprisoned for simply seeking relief from their ailments. (marijuana today. com). The studies of the harmfulness of marijuana are inconclusive and contradictory. Most doctors would agree that it’s not very harmful if used in moderation. (marijuanatoday. com). It’s only when you abuse the drug that problems start to occur. But isn’t abuse of almost any bad substance a problem? If you abuse alcohol, caffeine, cigarettes, or even pizza, health problems are sure to follow. Would you want the government limiting how much coffee you can drink or how much cheesecake you take in? Some medical examples that marijuana helps is chemotherapy for cancer. Chemotherapy often causes extreme nausea and vomiting. An active ingredient of marijuana is THC which often reduces vomiting and nausea. Marijuana usually lowers pretreatment anxiety as well. Another illness marijuana helps with is AIDS. AIDS usually causes low appetite, loss of lean muscle. Marijuana improves appetite. Pain and muscle spasms associated with epilepsy and multiple sclerosis can be less occurring with the use or marijuana. Marijuana may ease incontinence of bladder and bowel and relive depression. Lastly the disease Glaucoma is a progressive form of blindness due to increased pressure inside the eyeball. When marijuana is smoked it may reduce pressure within the eye. Another positive aspect for legalizing the use of marijuana is it would significantly decrease the number of marijuana-related arrests and imprisonments in the United States. Police and court resources would be freed up for more serious crimes. More than 200,000 individuals are incarcerated each year for marijuana possession, as part of the U. S. government’s War on Drugs. Decriminalizing marijuana would also eliminate much of the crime associated with the illegal sale and trafficking of marijuana. Moreover, several states allow legal use of marijuana when prescribed by a physician, yet thousands of dispensary owners and patients are arrested every year by the federal government. Legalizing marijuana could bring in more revenue for states, as well as help individuals receive care who may be unable to receive it otherwise. (marijuana today. com). If marijuana was legalized the cost on prosecuting offenders would decrease dramatically. Many consider the War on Drugs an expensive failure. Resources for DEA, FBI, and border security are only the tip of the iceberg. You must add in the cost of police officers, judges, public defenders, prosecutors, juries, court reporters, prison guards, and so on. Legalization of marijuana would free up those people to concentrate on more important things like terrorism, harder drugs, rape, murder, and so on. In addition, an already overloaded civil court docket would be improved; and, the wait time for other legitimate court cases would be reduced. Border agents, TSA staff, drug-sniffing dogs, and scanners are some of the resources that are being directed to drug law enforcement. When these resources are focused on drugs, less time energy is devoted to protecting against terrorism and the closing of our borders. For example, dogs are trained to sniff for drugs rather than bombs. (marijanatodaypros. com). Another pro of legalizing marijuana is that the government could regulate the quality and safety of drugs. Many people die or become sick because of what is added to the marijuana they purchase. Last but not least if marijuana is legalized the government would have one more thing to throw a tax on and profit from. An enormous amount of money is raised through government taxation of alcohol, and cigarettes. The legalization of marijuana would create another item that could be taxed. I’m sure the government would have no problem spending all that extra money. The federal government’s argument for criminalizing marijuana appears to be based on pressure from tobacco and pharmaceutical industries who find the non-patentable nature of marijuana harmful to profit margins. marijuana today. com). Along with positive reasons for legalizing marijuana there is also many cons for the legalization of marijuana. One concern that appears if marijuana is legalized is that it would increase the chances of the drug falling into the hands of kids. Even unhealthy legal items such as cigarettes and alcohol are prohibited from being sold to kids. This is because kids generally donâ⠂¬â„¢t exhibit the same reasoning, responsibility, and judgment of an adult. And their bodies aren’t as equipped to handle the intake of these substances. The problem is even worse for marijuana use. Developing brains and bodies can be dealt serious blows by the use of marijuana. Any time you make something legal, you increase the accessibility to children. All too often kids and teenagers get their hands on alcohol or cigarettes. They shouldn’t let the same thing happen with marijuana. Another bad effect that may occur if marijuana is legalized is more widespread use would increase the dangers of secondhand smoke-damage to bystanders. The dangers of secondhand cigarette smoke are well-publicized. Common sense tells us that more widespread usage of marijuana increases the likelihood that other people would suffer the damage of inhaling other people’s smoke. Public places like bars would expose innocent patrons. In the home siblings, roommates, kids, and spouses would all face increased exposure. A huge concern in legalizing the use of marijuana is driving while under the influence of marijuana. Which is referred to â€Å"stoned diving†. Driving and smoking is harder to detect than drinking and driving. Only because it doesn’t usually have a distinct smell unless just smoked and the only sign is usually redder eyes. Driving while being under the influence of marijuana may be more prone to cause a car accident. Marijuana causes the brain to function slower than usually, so driving abilities may be inadequate. Marijuana is often used to a stepping-stone drug leading to heroine, cocaine, or harder drugs. Studies show that marijuana use often progresses to the use of harder drugs. In other words, people experiment with what is often thought of as a harmless drug. Then, after using it for a while people want to feel a better high. This is particularly a problem since most people will not directly start abusing the harder drugs that are generally understood to be harmful. The last and most common reason marijuana hasn’t been legalized yet is the physical damaged that is done to users’ body after a period of time. Although some studies have been disputed, marijuana abuse has been tied to brain damage, cancer, lung damage, depression, amotivational syndrome, and even death. The brain damage has been shown to cause memory loss and difficulty in problem solving. It is the governments duty to protect the public from such dangerous drugs. After all, that’s why the FDA was created. (marijuanatodaycons. com). Immediate effects after someone has smoked marijuana may include: loss of restlessness, excitement, hallucinations, psychotic, paranoia, psychotic episodes, impaired coordination, impaired motor ability, mood swings, increased appetite, and impaired ability. Long Term effects of marijuana may include: the loss of brain cells, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, energy loss, slow confused thinking, apathy, and blood vessel blockage. Physical effects of marijuana may include diarrhea, cramps, weight loss or gain, and impaired sex drive. Marijuana can be a gateway drug, which means it can lead to the use of many other harmful drugs. Marijuana has been linked with teen violence, suicide, crime, and unsafe sex-HIV transmission. Smoking marijuana by adolescent user can disrupt their emotional development, delay puberty, and can delay the monthly cycle in females. Marijuana may produce a mild physical dependence that causes minor withdrawal symptoms when discontinued, including nausea, insomnia, irritability, and anxiety. marijuanatodayeffects. com) Marijuana is an addictive drug that can harm your body which is the main reason that the government would rather leave the use of it legally out of the law. Marijuana is a commonly used drug in the united states and all over the world. Many people feel differently about the legalization of marijuana. Which is clear because in some states the drug is legal, or at least lega l for medical purposes. There is many pros and cons that come with the substance of marijuana. Regardless of the law the drug is very wide spread and used. How to cite Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana, Papers

The Role of Irony in The Pardoners Tale free essay sample

Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories told by fictional characters who are on a Journey. The Pardoners Tale is told by a pardoner traveling with the group. He pretends to be a devout man intent on the salvation of others. However, he admits outright that he is an extremely greedy man and is only in it for wealth. In the story the pardoner tells, irony is heavily used. Verbal irony, situational irony, and dramatic irony are all used by Chaucer to enhance the message of the story as well as keep the reader interested. Chaucer uses verbal irony to reveal he extremely hypocritical nature of his characters. The best example of this can be found in the Pardoner himself. In the prologue, he states Radix malorum est cupiditas. This is Latin for Avarice is the root of all evil. There is no way the Pardoner believes this, for he is an extremely greedy man, but sees no evil in what he is doing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Irony in The Pardoners Tale or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, this is a prime example of verbal irony. The entire message of the Pardoners story is the exact opposite of what he himself believes. In the story the pardoner tells, a great example of verbal irony is when one of the Rioters says My word. I wont betray you. Ill be true. This occurs mere moments after the same Rioter promised the exact same thing to the Youngest, who they are plotting to kill. Another example of Irony in the tale is when the Youngest tells the apothecary Sell me some poison if you will, I have a lot of rats I want to kill. He obviously does not mean rats, but his fellow Rioters. He portrays his statement as if he has to kill some bothersome pests, when he really wants to kill his brothers. Verbal irony is used in The Pardoners Tale in order to reveal the hypocritical personalities of his haracters, as well as to provide some humor for the reader. Chaucer uses situational irony in order to keep the reader interested in the story. An example occurs at the very beginning of the prologue, where the Pardoner talks about how he preaches against avarice. A few lines later, he says the exact opposite thing that a reader would expect him to say. He states that he is a most unholy man who is tempted sorely by money. This keeps the reader interested in the story by presenting an extremely important new detail, as well as being mildly humorous. Another example f situational irony occurs after the Pardoner has finished telling his tale. He decrees that the Host is the most sinful, but really, he himself is. It is this unexpected and inappropriate statements that form the situational irony in The Pardoners Tale. They keep the story exciting and intriguing for the reader. Chaucer uses dramatic irony in order to prove his point that greed is the root of all evil. The Rioters greed for the gold led to their murders, which is most certainly an evil. After killing the Youngest, one of the older Rioters says Now for a drink. Sit down and lets be merry. The reader knows that the bottles were poisoned, but the Rioters do not. When they take a swig and die, it shows the reader that the original greed to have the gold all for themselves was the cause of all the evil. If the reader did not know about the poisoning of the bottles, the connection between greed and evil would not be established. Geoffrey Chaucers The Pardoners Tale uses the three forms of irony in order to make the story more interesting, as well as prove his mai n point, that avarice is the root of all evil.

Get Sample Production Of Biodiesel From Waste Vegetable Oil

Question: Describe about the Production Of Biodiesel From Waste Vegetable Oil? Answer: Executive Summary With the change in the technology and the excessive use of resources have successfully helped people in implementing some special techniques which could efficiently lead to the better environment. For the pollution and wastes which is collected can be easily reused with the help implementing (Alhassan et al., 2014) special properties of the product by itself. To renew the product, there has been an assessment which leads to usage of sulphuric acid as well as transesterfications. These process are able to compare and build in the better product leading to an acceptable consumption of food at a low cost. The process to invest is helpful as the fuel can be used by the usage of the feedstocks which could products oils at a lower cost, preferably. The idea of using the biodiesel product is efficient in the long run than the normal fuel. The product is environmental friendly along with saving the resources from being depleted. This product is completely able to solve the problem of energy consumption too. The detailed business case seeks approval formally to invest $600,000 million in 2011/20 to combine all the budgeting plan which would be able to reach to a better expectation in leading out to factors which would enhance the following: One can get a desired collection of details of the same with the perfect testing quality. Comparing the data would enhance the productivity factor with the energy saving and efficient outcomes. The decision mainly focus on the infrequent and the commitment to the resources which would lead to certainty and better designs and decisions. There is a difficulty in orgs which is there because the data is less. These biodiesel are mainly for contribution for development leading to sectors of carbon mobile which target about 10% with the time in 2020. The supply and the renewable resources are for mainly keeps the diversification in the feedstock which is able to decrement policies like transport, waste etc. The table below clearly identify the options which are available and can lead to different approaches. The need to maintain and increase the manufacturing which would have an incentive to lead for auto and fuel. According to the infrastructure which is focused, there is a requirement for up gradation of the services which would be owned and operated according to the different process.as per the results, on can claim: There is an evidence which will have an outlook to the representative and available heuristics. The biasing and confidence to suggest for looking over to the outcomes generally in the work (Pukale et al., 2014) where SME innovations related to sustainable development along with a support to all the decisions and tools. The overall amount which is spend maybe more in compare to the fuels, but the biodiesel products are always helpful in maintain the quality of environment as well as the aura. There is always an optimisation of the product which supports in transformations leading to meeting the needs, facing the options, flexible enough to build a proper case. 1. Problem With the biodiesel, it is said that there are different types of chemicals. The requirement of the different product along with improving the quality at home is only possible when all the waste vegetable oil can be used in maintaining the cost and make the environment eco-friendly. 1.1 Background Biodiesel is one of the products which is able to maintain all the environmental quality where it is able to produce best products from the vegetable oil waste. There are sources which are able to remove all the impurities from the oil. As per the products which are developed, the main benefit comes out that this product of biodiesel is very helpful in the long run as people are able to manage the resources (Li et al., 2014) and using them wisely. The government has completely supported for this where one is able to track all the services, mainly funding to the distribution of all the products at the different levels. The stakeholders are trying to manage the services where they can efficiently resolve the issue of pollution and waste of the product. There are NREL stakeholders which try to be expertise in the form of their work of transportation where there is a development and implementation of the easy gadgets along with providing free access to the data. 1.2 Definition of the problem The continuous use of excessive resources has led to the depletion of the layers. Hence to set up a better business, biodiesels are the best alternatives which can bring a change in the product quality and try to renew all the feedstock, producing all the efficient oil mainly free from the acids, developing the process which would maintain the environment. According to the analysis of Life Cycle, it indicated that the production of biodiesels and biodiesel is completely going to eradicate all the problems of depletion in the long run. The problem is ongoing but with continuous efforts is can elevate down to an immediate transition of negativity. 1.3 Evidence of the Problem With the growing forecasting range, there is a continuous pressure of growing a concern of pollution which is generally from the industries. It is required to keep an approach where the vehicles have to be kept safe and the investment should be to manage all the engines which try to automatically run and detect the fuel which is being injected in the engines. The cars are able to manage the expense which lead to the changes and the adjustments in the mirrors where the dependence is to combine all the notifications for public transportation. As an example, it is said that one should not try to burn the purest form of the biodiesel as it will cause chunks and problem leading to an additive mixture in the amount where the solvents will not be able to maintain the efficiency of the heater. 1.4 Timing Considerations It is important to take care of the product and the changes which are likely going to affect the production. There is a need to maintain the global changes as per the effects, leading to the preferential limits depending upon the following logistics: There is a low impact on the harvestation which is mainly to equip and handle the infrastructure which would be able to pre-process the system. The labours are trained enough to store the bins and the tracks for the usage of all the waste products. The product is seasonal, hence it is needed to be stored at the edge of the field of farmers which is under their maintenance. The ethanol production will have no more impact or time for other crops as the water quality and quantity are sufficient for controlling the system. The development is mainly on the production steps which consider that the biomass should be optimised and required to be considered according to the erosion which is there in the land. 1.5 Consideration of broader text There are many opportunities as the waste oil would help in production the biodiesel. The fact is mainly that it is more economical and renewable which is able to grow and maintain the crops which is able to feed and maintain all the balance in the environment. A lot of farmers are able to get a big support from this as most of the dependency is on the usage of renewable resources. Biodiesels are the best alternatives which are for storing the natural gases and the propane to inject into the system, trying to undergo and produce electricity for a better life. 2. Benefits There are many benefits of the biodiesel as it helps in reacting properly with the vegetable oil and try to extract the best product out of it. Some of them are as below: There is a complete acquirement of the diesel in the engine which of the most pure form. The petrol is consumed at a higher cost but it is more eco-friendly and try to be less costly in the long run for the people. It helps to burn and helpful for the household activities with less of pollution and more of beneficiary effects on the health as well. (Mohammadshirazi, et al., 2014). The presence of it reduced the existence of the particulate matter which is common, thereby, saving the quality of water from being degraded. The purest form of it comes from the soya and the oil which is rape seed, try to bring the best type of amount for the diesel and engine. 2.1 Benefits to be delivered Depending upon the social, economic impact, one can say that there is a preferential rise in the amount which is being able to provide with the best alternative renewable resources of energy. The main feature that it can be reused makes it different from all the products and the organic matter is efficient enough to grow crops in it. The dependence on the crude oil will be driving apart as there is a (Ahmad et al., 2014) pull towards the rise in the gas stations as well as improvement in the fuel system. This automatically benefits in the long run as people try to opt for biodiesel products rather than any other. 2.2 Importance of the Benefits to be delivered As per the conventional supply, there are many other fuels which are made from the cow dung and other biomass products which have the potential to save the world from the combustion problems. There is a need to import the energy with less consequences of the same on the energy which is being supplied. The greenhouse gases which bring out the total output are producing extensive problem and lead to starvation to an extent. The oil which is a waste can be used in many sources mainly domestic, commercialised areas or the industrial areas which will completely bring a stream of the better disposable, helping to block the pipes, mainly when the oil has been solidified. 2.3 Evidence of Benefits Delivery The use of the oil reduces the production of the biodiesel cost to about 60% which is much more than the expected. There is a need to maintain the balance for the usage of the feedstock which would be used at workable places leading to easy commercialisation. The main delivery benefit comes when the oil which is passed through the sewage system deplete the layer. The treatments of the same pollutes and cost a lot of problem. But its usage can help in bringing a better change in the expense, (Muralidharan, 2014) protecting the land and production of food. The biomass, bioenergy and the carbon cycle are the main products which add to the benefits and bring a lot of change in the environmental quality. 2.4 Interdependencies The main dependency is on biodiesel and it is considered to use the oil or the other animal fat to produce the renewable resources of energy through the process of transesterification. It has been made from the different products and recycled through the modernisation with the change in viscosity. The (Osawa et al., 2014) conversion is in the way which is mainly important through either dilution, emulsification through the micro products, pyrolysis, and the transesterfication method. This lead to the higher rise in the development of agricultural products which would modify and invent the renewable fuels. 3. Strategic Response To respond to the farmers, which are mainly composed in four divisions, namely, agronomy, energy, grain and the feed/livestock. The factors which are direct lead to the effect on the habitat and quality of life. The product has to be considered mainly comprising conversion of feedstock and better transportation. The balance with the use and the production of land and the different biodiesel system comes from the largest impact of harvestation. To be devoid of the demand which mainly depend on the biofuels and the ethanol, there is a trend that the policy (Martinez-Guerra Gude, 2014) and the subsidies are favourable enough to change the potential of demand. It mainly depends on the economy for a precise servicing. The strength and the opportunities come when ethanol is able to make the products cheaper with the better commercialised products. 3.1 Method Criteria The methods to produce the biodiesel from the vegetable oil is through assessment through SWOT analysis. The criteria to meet up the demands and focus on the decisions which will be able to figure how (Mahesh et al., 2014) the product has to be distilled and a by-product is formed which can grow and have better feed stocks for the production. There will be an increment in the uncertainties. Some of the determination is as follows: 3.2 Strategic Options Analysis 3.2.1 Strategic Interventions There are certain to make response which is able to highlight the certainty, thereby, targeting the market to rise and understand the basic which could lead in excel of the organisation. The analysis through the life (Maddikeri et al., 2014) cycle mainly concerns to the metric of the emissions which are mainly done through the usage of matter, energy or the water. Describe and provide evidence or reasoning as to why these interventions might have an impact. Strategic Interventions Intervention 1 There is a problem related to the licence of the biofuels which are registered under SARS Intervention 2 There is a process where the petroleum products are taken off-shore Intervention 3 High discounts lead to decrement in Fuel Price, hence use biofuels. Intervention 4 The support is from the agriculture programmes. Intervention 5 Capacity to build and Develop Intervention 6 The agencies of the Government are responsible for the same. 3.2.2. Strategic Options Strategic Interventions Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Intervention 1 For fuel levy exemption Check the penetration level Qualify the producers for meeting environmental impact Environmental Impact Assessment Crop selection, feedstock availability Meeting environmental standards Intervention 2 Less costs and logistics Directly to customers Close to biofuel plants 5% biofuel, 10% fuel ethanol Basic fuel price rates for better quality Petroleum product licencing. Intervention 3 Fuel levy exemption Refund limitations by biofuel tax Higher production by 20% Participation of small investors Oil refinery and administrative procedures Allow administrative fairness Intervention 4 Value additive Crop selection Better agriculture farms Contracts with biofuel manufacturers infrastructure Research and development Intervention 5 Communities Transformation Sector Education Training Authorities Development Sustainable job Entrepreneurship Intervention 6 State Owned Agencies Development Corporation Financial corporation Fuel supply contract Shareholder department benefit Agricultural achievements. Table X: Strategic options 3.2.3. Ranking of Strategic Options Strategic options Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Benefits Percentage of full benefit to be delivered 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Benefit 1 % 4 33 3 4 3 1 Benefit 2 % 2 2 2 2 3 1 Benefit 3 % 3 3 3 4 3 1 Cost Estimated capital investment cost (Range) $5 mil - $8 mil $6 mil - $9 mil $3 mil - $5 mil $4 mil - $7 mil $1 mil - $5 mil $4 mil - $9 mil Estimated operational costs (Range) $3 mil - $5 mil pa $1 mil - $5 mil pa $3 mil - $5 mil pa $22 mil - $23 mil pa $5 mil - $10 mil pa $11 mil - $15 mil pa Time (Range) 15-23 45-47 23-25 34-45 34-45 12-23 Risks Risk 1(in %) 10 23 12 23 54 34 Risk 2(in %) 3 5 12 12 3 13 Dis-benefits Dis-benefit 1 3 3 1 5 2 9 Dis-benefit 2 16 12 34 5 1 12 Ranking 1-3 1 2 2 1 3 1 Table X: Evaluation of strategic options 3.2.4 Recommended Strategic Option The strategy is to mainly highlight how the efficiency be increase with the usage of different resources. There are many different products which can be used to improve the overall usage of the product. The production (Haigh et al., 2014) of biodiesel helps in primarily brining out a change which could evaluate and mark changes on the SWOT analysis of a product. 4. Project Option Analysis The project has been defined under the best way to reduce the losses due to wastage of resources. The project has been analysed, keeping in mind that it is important to keep an adequate usage of the resources which will help in bringing a stabilisation to the emissions. The vegetable oil which (Martinez et al., 2014) is used can be processed further to bring out the best renewable source of energy. People should come forward and use biofuels like biomass etc., which would bring a change in the quality of the environment with less pollution. The particulate matter which comes from it is mainly for reducing the emissions and bringing a change in the products. 4.1 Project Options Considered The marginal outcome which is able to maintain the property of nitrogen fixation is possible, thereby, the pieces of the petroleum products are feasible to bring a development in the technology. (Alptekin et al., 2014). The conditions, mainly depending upon the technology are for accepting the modulations which are modified and converted into a better performance of the system. 4.2 Stakeholder Identification Consideration The stakeholder need to emphasise mainly on the adaptability of the policies which are able to apply and bring in the practicality for the better (Cirriminna et al., 2014) quality of the product. There are customers who have to meet the designing of the policies and the factor for the analysis. 4.3 Social Impact The farms are mainly to reduce their dependence on mainly crude oil which is the most depleting layer. The step towards the good engine as well as lubricant to a large experience leading to less pollution quality, fleets into the existence. 4.4 Economic Impact The process to invest is helpful as the fuel can be used by the usage of the feedstocks which could products oils at a lower cost, preferably. The idea of using the biodiesel product is efficient in the long (Lai, 2014) run than the normal fuel. The product is environmental friendly along with saving the resources from being depleted. This product is completely able to solve the problem of energy consumption too. 4.5 Environmental Impact There is a difficulty in orgs which is there because the data is less. These biodiesel are mainly for contribution for development leading to sectors of carbon mobile which target about 10% with the time in 2020. The supply (Hassani et al., 2014) and the renewable resources are for mainly keeps the diversification in the feedstock which is able to decrement policies like transport, waste etc. 4.6 Overall Evaluation of environmental Economic Impact The need to keep up associate degreed increase the producing which might have an incentive to steer for car and fuel. Consistent with the infrastructure that is targeted, there's a demand for up gradation of the services which might be in hand and operated consistent with the various method.as per the results, on will claim that there is associate degree proof which is able to have associate (Talkit Mahajan, 2014) degree outlook to the representative and obtainable heuristics. The biasing and confidence to counsel for wanting over to the outcomes usually within the work wherever SME innovations associated with property development at the side of a support to any or all the selections and tools. 4.7 Cost Benefit Analysis The cost depends on the source which is able to maintain the cost of the oil as well as producing the best products which can be used in different places. The conversion of cost to biodiesel has been the most expensive in the short run but it is very good in the long run as it is conventional to meet the demands and the nature of the process which is depending upon the biodiesel production. 4.8 Financial Analysis In distinction to monetary analysis, social analysis reveals that biodiesel production from rosid dicot genus. This points out that monetary analysis results might not give a sound basis for public policy, (Escobar et al., 2014) notably once there are distortions within the market. Biodiesel additionally has the potential to get important rural employment and to scale back gas emissions. If biodiesel production to satisfy the 2 hundredth mixing target is restricted to wild, food production in Asian country won't be affected. 4.9 Risk Comparison 4.10 Integrated Analysis Options Ranking Table xx: Presenting the results of the options analysis Project option 1: Do Nothing Project option 2: Project option 3: Project option 4: Project option 5: Analysis Period (years) 3 2 6 2 7 Capital Costs ($m) 23 45 12 56 33 Output Costs ($m) 43 62 75 13 16 Cost-Benefit Analysis (of monetary costs and benefits discounted at the appropriate Discount Rate) Present Value of Benefits ($m) 25 12 58 55 88 Present Value of Costs ($m) 45 26 16 37 36 Benefit Cost Ratio 45 23 12 67 23 Net Present Value ($m) 45 233 34 23 12 Other important considerations (see the examples provided) Intangible costs / benefits (e.g.small, med., large) Small Large medium large medium Distributional impacts (e.g.small, med., large) medium Small small medium Small Preferred option 4.11Testing the Robustness 5. Deliverability of the Recommended Solution The above details depicts that the usage of biodiesel can be made in many ways with the help of using the waste vegetable oil. People can be able to live freely in a pollution free environment where they have the best resources and supply. There is a need to maintain the resources for the upcoming generations so that the depletion does not end the life and the environmental quality. 5.1 Details of recommended solution The best advantages are as below: 5.2 Commercial Financial The restoration of the biofuels will have the credits at the federal and the state level. There is an assurance of the availability of the support on the basis of finance and the guarantee to loan. The process for scaling up and better plantation can lead to a more robust agreement. There is a captive flee for the vehicles which are run on the fossil fuels and the subsidies are less that the carbon material. 5.2.1 Procurement If an automotive has been left standing for a protracted time with crude fuel within the tank which could have rusted (water content may be a common drawback with petro-diesel fuel). Biodiesel can unencumber the rust, and it may clog the particle filter within the tank. At the worst, the car merely stops, starved of fuel. 5.2.2 Risk Assessment management A common warning is that biodiesel, particularly 100% biodiesel, can rot any natural or radical rubber components within the equipment, whether or not fuel lines or widget pump seals, and people they need to first get replaced with resistant components fabricated from Vinton. However rubber components in internal-combustion engine fuel systems are rare or non-existent since the first Eighties -- it rarely happens, and when it will happen it is not ruinous, you have got lots of warning and it's simply fastened. 5.2.3 Detailed Costing Economic Evaluation Element Estimate Table reference Base cost estimate $241m (Table 2) Base risk allocation $243m (Table 3) Project cost estimate $345m Contingency $23m (Table 3) Project budget $851m Table 1: Headline project cost element summary BASE COST ESTIMATE Effective date of BCE: dd/mm/yy Estimated date of commencement of construction: dd/mm/yy 1 Direct Costs 1.1 Materials 43 1.2 Labour 45 1.3 Plant Hire 23 Sub total $111 2 Indirect Costs 2.1 Recurrent overheads 2.1.1 Site facilities 34 2.1.2 Plant Equipment site maintenance 56 2.1.3 Project management costs 78 2.1.4 Commercial 23 2.1.5 QA and Safety 12 2.2 Non-recurrent overheads 2.2.1 Establishment and mobilisation 45 2.2.2 Disestablishment and demobilisation 56 2.2.3 Project insurances 23 2.2.4 Professional fees design, legal, financial, etc 78 Subtotal $405 3 Owners Cost 3.1 Contracted professional staff 67 3.2 Investigations 89 3.3 Land costs resumptions 34 3.4 Authority fees 78 3.5 Owner supplied plant and equipment 33 Subtotal $301 4 Contractors Fee 4.1 Profit margin 34 4.2 Corporate Overheads 67 Subtotal 23 5 Provisional Sums 78 5.1 34 Subtotal $236 TOTAL OF BASE COST ESTIMATE $1053 Table 2: Base cost estimate BASE RISK ALLOCATION AND CONTINGENCY 6 Base Risk Allocation 6.1 Escalation (period between BCE and construction) 344 6.2 Project Risk A 465 6.3 Project Risk B etc 234 Sub total $1043 7 Contingency 7.1 45 Subtotal $45 TOTAL OF PROJECT RISKS $1083 Table 3: Project risks 5.2.4 Funding Sources The check results area unit shown within the information table within the previous chapter. in line with the info from the tests, it is proved that the standard of my biodiesel is medium not therefore prime quality. (Melero et al., 2014). 5.3 Management For checking the standard of made biodiesel I did differing types of quality check in line with international rule. I did wash check and fermentation alcohol check in my space. And performed consistency check within the fluid laboratory of our mechanical department. 5.3.1 Government Growing America's Fuel - a replacement U.S. Government strategy for meeting or beating the country's biofuel targets. The report is concentrated on short term solid government solutions supporting the prevailing biofuels business, moreover as fast the industrial institution of advanced biofuels and a viable long market by remodelling however the U.S. Government will business across Departments and victimization strategic public-private partnerships. 5.3.2 Stakeholder Management and Communication Plan The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) mandates inflated production of biofuels (fuels derived from renewable biological materials). Recognizing the potential impacts of this variation, Congress needs the U.S.EPA, underneath EISA Section 204, to assess and report each 3 years on the present and potential future environmental and resource conservation impacts related to inflated use of biofuels. 5.3.3 Project Management Strategy Environmental Protection Agency is currently developing its 1st triennial report back to Congress on this issue. The strategy is to remove all the pollution replacing it with renewable resources of energy. 5.4 Delivery Mass Biofuel delivers premium BIOHEAT to your home or business. Whether or not our biodiesel is mixed with ancient fuel or immoderate low sulphur diesel, grasp that you simply square measure burning a cleaner fuel by substitution a little with a regionally created, non-toxic, and perishable fuel. 5.4.1 Change Management The agricultural sector is mostly against the assembly of biofuels as a result of it detracts from food production, and customarily the conductor. Biofuels are politically enticing as a result of the renewable then a green different, and since they are a cleaner different to, say, burning coal. 5.4.2 Timeline Milestones Milestone Date Initiated 02/22/2013 Sent for Regulatory Review 09/03/2013 Received after reviewing 09/03/2013 Regulatory Review Concluded 11/15/2013 Notice: Published 11/20/2013 Comment Period Open 11/29/2013 Published 11/29/2013 Public Meeting 12/05/2013 Comment Period Closed 01/28/2014 Final Rule: Sent to Regulatory Review 08/21/2014 Final Rule: Received 08/22/2014 Notice2: Published 12/09/2014 Final Rule: Published 00/0000 (projected) 5.4.3 Performance Measures Output name: Performance Measures Unit of measure Change in target if proposal is endorsed 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Quantity 139 2% 4% 3 % 7% 1% Quality 346 5% 6% 7% 8% 2% Timeliness 123 1% 8% 3 % 6 % 7% 5.4.5 Exit Sign-off Strategy The product formed from the waste oil is the freshest form which can be used carefully. 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